Anticancer effects of oligomeric proanthocyanidins on human colorectal cancer cell line, SNU-C4
Youn-Jung Kim, Hae-Jeong Park, Seo-Hyun Yoon, Mi-Ja Kim, Kang-Hyun Leem, Joo-Ho Chung, Hye-Kyung Kim
Youn-Jung Kim, Department of Dental Hygiene, Hanseo University, Seosan, South Korea
Hae-Jeong Park, Seo-Hyun Yoon, Joo-Ho Chung, Department of Pharmacology, Kohwang Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
Mi-Ja Kim, Department of Obesity Management, Graduate School of Obesity Science, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
Kang-Hyun Leem, College of Oriental Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon, South Korea
Hye-Kyung Kim, Department of Food and Biotechnology, Hanseo University, Seosan, South Korea
Co-first-authors: Hae-Jeong Park
Correspondence to: Hye-Kyung Kim, Department of Food and
Biotechnology, Hanseo University, Seosan 356-705,
South Korea. hkkim111@hanseo.ac.kr
Telephone: +82-41-660-1454 Fax: +82-41-660-1119
Received: 2004-09-18 Accepted: 2004-10-08
Abstract
Aim—Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC), natural polyphenolic compounds found in plants, are known to have antioxidant and anti-cancer effects. We investigated whether the anti-cancer effects of the OPC are induced by apoptosis on human colorectal cancer cell line, SNU-C4.
Methods— Colorectal cancer cell line, SNU-C4 was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The cytotoxic effect of OPC was assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. To find out the apoptotic cell death, 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and caspase-3 enzyme assay were performed.
Results— In this study, cytotoxic effect of OPC on SNUC4 cells appeared in a dose-dependent manner. OPC treatment (100 μg/mL) revealed typical morphological apoptotic features. Additionally OPC treatment (100 μg/mL) increased level of BAX and CASPASE-3, and decreased level of BCL-2 mRNA expression. Caspase-3 enzyme activity was also significantly increased by treatment of OPC (100 μg/mL) compared with control.
Conclusion— These data indicate that OPC caused cell death by apoptosis through caspase pathways on human colorectal cancer cell line, SNU-C4.
Keywords—
Oligomeric pranthocyanidins; Apoptosis; Anticancer effects; Colorectal cancer (…)
